Understanding the Science of Biodegradability and Exploring Misleading Claims

Biodegradability is a measure of the ability of microorganisms present in the disposal environment to utilize carbon substrates for energy. Plastics (carbon substrates) can be engineered to be biodegradable, thereby providing for their removal in an environmentally responsible, safe, timely and efficacious manner. This is a particularly important and valuable attribute for single use, disposable, and short-life products such as plastic mulches used for specialty crop production as well as packaging and other consumer articles. Unfortunately, there are a growing number of misleading, deceptive, and scientifically unsubstantiated biodegradability claims proliferating in the marketplace. Evidence of degradation, fragmentation or partial biodegradation is used to claim that the plastic substrates will not accumulate or persist in the environment. Degradation/fragmentation or partial biodegradation is not a sustainable option, and will lead to potentially serious environmental and human health consequences. Documenting complete biodegradation (microbial assimilation) of the plastic substrate in the targeted disposal environment (soil) within a specified and measurable period is necessary to ensure safe and complete removal of the plastic material. We will review fundamental principles and the science underlying biodegradability and degradability of polymer materials in the environment, and describe the harmonized International Standards that are in place to demonstrate microbial utilization of the plastic substrate. Ways to differentiate the new biobased plastics being introduced in the market place and their value and attributes will be discussed. Participants will learn how to recognize misleading claims regarding plastic biodegradation and bioplastics, and the right questions to ask about these products. Participants will also become knowledgeable on the International Standards for biodegradability and will gain a fundamental understanding of the issues regarding plastic biodegradation and bioplastics.