Evaluating Switchgrass Cultivars for Bioenergy Production in New Jersey

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a perennial crop native to North America that is being considered by U.S. Department of Energy, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and others as a possible source for bioenergy in the Northeast. There are many different switchgrass cultivars; which are adapted to different climates and regions. Identification of the highest performing cultivars for New Jersey would increase the economic viability of this crop and allow local farmers to maximize their production. A trial was established at the Rutgers Cooperative Extension of Middlesex County in North Brunswick, NJ. The trial evaluated 2 ecotypes and 5 distinct cultivars under low- input conditions for their seedling emergence rates, survival rates and dry matter yield. The plots were organized in a randomized complete block design with four replications for each variety. Current recommendations suggesting a single harvest per year and baling the crop were a part of the experimental procedure and the field was not irrigated.  Alamo and Carthage had significantly greater survival than Timber and High Tide in year one.  The average dry matter yield was significantly greater in the second year for all cultivars.  Carthage had significantly higher yields than Alamo, Timber and High Tide in the second year. Dry matter yields for the second harvest year were between 2.77 tons/acre and 4.97 tons/acre. Currently in NJ, the break-even price for switchgrass based on a 3 tons/acre yield non-irrigated crop is  return of $163.86/ acre,  for 4 tons/acre the break even return is  $128.69, and for  5tons/acre the break even return is $107.59. This indicates the importance of selecting a top performing cultivar to maximize yield and ensure an adequate profit margin at each harvest.