Horticulture in Iran: Unique Potentials and Challenges

The art and science of horticulture and horticultural crops are integral parts of Iranian’s rich and ancient culture and modern economy. Many deciduous fruit, flowers, and vegetables are native to Iran, and from there, they were distributed to the rest of the world through the Silk Road established by the Achemenian Dynasty. Variations in climate and presence of numerous mountains, lakes, rivers, and natural springs have created a unique country capable of producing all types of fruit, vegetables, and flowers.

Apples and other fruit are commercially produced in mountain ranges of Alborz and Zagrous and in many central provinces of Iran. The Caspian Sea area in the north of Iran, one of the most unique regions in the world where mild Mediterranean climate merges with the adjacent Alborz mountain ranges, has created a home to numerous species of edible horticultural plants, ranging from tea to cherries and pomegranates. Pistachio, olive, citrus, banana, and date are produced in Kerman, Fars, and Khuzestan regions.

However, the Iranian horticultural industry faces many challenges, including global and regional political issues. Although some attempt has been made to preserve invaluable germplasm, a large number of native fruit, vegetables, and flowers are becoming extinct. Postharvest transportation and storage of horticultural crops are some of the most important issues Iranian horticulture has to face.

The future of horticulture in Iran can likely be bright, particularly if peace prevails in the region. Horticultural products have the potential to replace the oil income after reserves disappear. Recent political changes have opened the doors to numerous horticultural business and consulting opportunities with Iranian scientists, private sectors, consultants, and distributors. However, all these activities need to be conducted within the law framework in order to prevent any international dispute or introduction of exotic pest and diseases.