Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Time on Volatile Profile, Sensory Attributes, and Consumer Preference of Low-chill Peaches

Commercial peach acreage continues to increase in Florida as citrus growers look to diversify their orchards. Breeding of low-chill peach cultivars have made it possible to grow peaches in subtropical climates. However, fertilization practices must be optimized for this longer growing season. Nutrient guidelines for optimum peach tree growth and fruit yield have been established in temperate areas and are being translated for use in subtropical climates; however, the effect of nitrogen fertilization on important peach fruit attributes likes flavor and aroma and sensory perception is unknown. Another important factor crucial for the fresh fruit market is harvesting time, as harvesting can influence several fruit characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate effect of different nitrogen rates on ‘TropicBeauty’ and ‘UFSharp’ as well evaluate the effect of harvesting time on ‘TropicBeauty’. Peach volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography, with a total of 49 volatile compounds significantly affected as a result of harvesting time. Twenty seven volatile compounds were found to be significantly different among ‘TropicBeauty’ and ‘UFSharp’, out of which 15 showed a significant genotype*nitrogen rate interaction. These compounds included lactones, acetates, alkane hydrocarbons. Consumer sensory panel suggested that cultivar differences were perceived but not among different nitrogen rates. As expected, decreased firmness was observed with late harvest. Interestingly, a significant genotype*harvest date interaction was observed and firmness decreased with increasing rates of nitrogen. Overall, our data suggests nitrogen rate and harvest time plays an important role in harvested fruit attributes and therefore, can be strategically manipulated to satisfy consumer demand.