2018 ASHS Annual Conference

Europe is one of the most progressive areas where mechanization is applied. Orchard mechanization requires an adjustment of the tree architecture and the development of training systems that allow the use of equipment. Initially, innovation was influenced by increased production costs and the breeding of new varieties. In fact, increasing labor costs and difficulties to find qualified workers represent the main drivers to mechanize in the orchard worldwide. Higher density plantings, with the goal of developing a small spindle canopy or a fruiting wall, have become widespread worldwide to increase labor efficiency. These orchards are characterized by early bearing and short life span. The sustainability and the possibility to mechanize these specialized orchards are some of the major topics of research. Many investigators are interested in how to make the orchard more efficient and reduce the amount of sprays necessary for maintenance through the development of more efficient training systems and new cultivars resistant to disease. Training systems for apple and pear are chosen in relation to the cultivar and rootstock vigor, and the ability to deliver fruit with a high percentage of blush or over-color, especially for bi-colored cultivars. Several kinds of equipment have been developed to mechanize the full cycle of the orchards from planting to harvest.